1. definition and classification of auto parts manufacturing industry

1. industry concepts and definitions

Auto parts is one of the automobile service industries, as well as the units that make up the whole car and the products that serve the automobile, collectively referred to as auto parts. A component is a single component that cannot be split; a component is a component that implements an action (or function). A part can be either a part or a combination of a number of parts.

According to the National Bureau of statistics released the "national industry" (GB/T 4754-2011), auto parts and accessories manufacturing to manufacturing auto parts and accessories manufacturing all kinds of motor vehicles and vehicle parts, industry code 3660.

2. industry classification of key products

The upper reaches of the auto parts industry include steel, plastic, rubber and other raw materials, and the downstream market is mainly for the host plant, ancillary market and after-sales service market. There are many related industries in the auto parts industry, especially upstream. Therefore, the auto parts industry occupies an important strategic position in our national economy.

3. industry characteristics and status in the national economy

As the foundation of automobile industry, automobile spare parts are the necessary factors to support the sustained and healthy development of automobile industry. In recent years, to benefit from the healthy and rapid development of the automobile industry, the development scale and speed of auto parts industry have been greatly improved. The support policies of the state for the automotive industry will bring more opportunities for the auto parts industry, and further speed up the development of the auto parts industry.

Two. Auto parts manufacturing industry chain analysis

1. auto parts manufacturing industry chain structure

Auto parts industry is in the middle reaches of the whole automobile industry chain. The upstream industries are steel, rubber, plastic and electronic components, and the lower reaches are the complete suppliers of vehicle manufacturers and their parts. More upstream industries involved, especially iron and steel industry occupies an important strategic position in the national economy, the development of auto parts industry can effectively promote the development of the industry; from the downstream, auto parts industry is an important part of automobile industry, the automobile parts industry is the basis, no powerful auto parts industry base do not have independent and complete with the international competitiveness of the automobile industry.

2., auto parts manufacturing industry and upstream and downstream industry relevance and value-added space of industrial chain

From the upstream industry, the price of raw material produced by parts and components industry is mainly determined by the market price of commodities such as steel, oil and natural rubber. In recent years, due to the impact of iron ore, petroleum, natural rubber resources such frequent fluctuations in commodity prices, steel, rubber, plastics and other chemical materials prices also fluctuate significantly, resulting in a certain pressure on the stability of production and operation of the domestic auto parts industry.

From the downstream industry, the domestic automobile industry and the consumer market have expanded, and the domestic auto parts industry has shown a good trend of development. Downstream customers domestic suppliers mainly for domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers and parts suppliers, customers with high degree of concentration, so the parts enterprises in a relatively weak position in the negotiations with downstream customers. But for some parts suppliers have a leading position in a market segment, its market position and technical advantages will help enhance market discourse and bargaining power, so it has a shift to the lower cost of the ability.

3., auto parts manufacturing industry chain value-added space and market development

The auto parts manufacturing industry cost subject to the upstream industry and its management level, while the downstream manufacturers required parts mainly from fixed suppliers, buyers of auto parts is the largest auto dealers and auto parts sales channels. The profit margin depends on the industry status, competition structure and bargaining power of the parts and components industry.

In the relatively mature auto market, the profit of 50%-60% is produced in the service field, Chinese in twenty-first Century more than a decade of economic tremendous development, the automobile industry will benefit, and thereafter, a huge "car market is entering a stage of rapid growth, the prospect of auto parts industry wide.

Three, auto parts industry market environment and impact analysis

1., industry policy and legal environment analysis

The national automobile service high-tech industry committee (referred to as the National Automobile Services Commission) to further standardize the automobile market, improve the overall level of science and technology of automobile service industry chain, the integration of all resources to promote the development of automobile industry, the establishment of a new technology of national automobile service industry new product promotion platform, focus on automotive beauty decoration and equipment, automotive electronic products. The introduction of foreign technology and imported products of origin audit investigation and import, clear standards and audit measures.

The impact of the revision and implementation of the measures for the administration of automobile sales on the auto market. In the future with the introduction of the new approach will bring about different effects on automobile manufacturers, distributors and other enterprises in the automobile and spare parts sales, channel construction and services, which will lead to the change of marketing mode, increase market uncertainty.

At present, the state attaches great importance to the development of new energy vehicles, and in 2014 issued a series of policies and measures to promote the development of new energy vehicles. Due to the continuity of policy, it will continue to have an impact on the new energy vehicles market.

First, the Ministry of letters issued the three batch of "exempt from vehicle purchase tax of new energy vehicle model catalogue" and the implementation of electricity price concessions, the new energy vehicles will play a catalytic role in the consumption.

Second, the "government agencies and public institutions to buy new energy vehicles implementation plan" requires that from 2014 to 2016, the proportion of new energy vehicles purchased in public service vehicles is not less than 30%, increasing year by year. The proportion of charging interface and new energy vehicles is not less than 1:1. Public sector purchases of new energy vehicles will also contribute to the overall market.

Third, the "energy saving and new energy automobile industry development plan (2012-2020)" 2015 pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid car sales reached 500 thousand vehicles, the government has put the new energy automotive industry as a new key support. With all levels of government support, enterprise products and technology continue to improve, optional products gradually increased, coupled with the improvement of the infrastructure, is expected in 2015 China's new energy automobile sales will continue to maintain rapid growth.

China's more encouraging policies on new energy automotive industry will stimulate the rapid improvement of the demand for new energy automotive components, and new energy components enterprises will be developed rapidly.

2. industry economic environment analysis

The macroeconomic level, slowing economic growth in China in recent years, the main economic indicators remain weak, China 2015 GDP growth seven, fell to its lowest level in 6.9% years, zhiyaoli plus transportation, energy and environmental constraints intensified, motor vehicles and parts industry macro environment is not optimistic. In the future, the macro-economy will continue to be in the process of adjusting its structure and efficiency and gradually adapting to the new normal. In this context, the overall chance of the automotive industry will be less and less, the overall probability of industry opportunities for excess returns is also reduced, to seek the core technology in the innovation and development of spare parts must be to explore new market opportunities.

Driven by the United States and other advanced economies, emerging market growth picked up slightly. The international economic situation, although in favor of domestic exports of motor vehicles and parts, but there are many uncertain factors, such as the Middle East political instability in some countries in Eastern Europe, Africa, South America and other markets change in policy will adversely affect the China exports of motor vehicles and parts. In the face of market competition, China's auto parts exporters need to further improve the product layout, improve product quality, establish a stable marketing system, build Chinese brands, and enhance market competitiveness.

3. industry social environment analysis

With the improvement of living conditions in our country, the proportion of consumption is more favorable to the improvement of the quality of life, and the consumption consciousness has changed. The automobile has become a trend of life, and it is an indispensable means of transportation. Although in recent years the national macroeconomic conditions and regulation changes, China's automobile appeared some growth rate fluctuations, but the car market rigid demand still exists, there is no need to see the car consumption is decreased, the next period of China's passenger car consumption will remain steady rise. In addition, China's car ownership is still in the 100 / thousand people around the level, there is still room for improvement. In addition, the State encourages consumption, per capita income has steadily been rising at the same time, a second tier city upgrade purchase needs further improvement, the three or four line of the city market potential is gradually released, continue to promote the future development of passenger car market.

Statistics of China's automobile production and sales in 2005-2015 years

According to industry information network in automobile disclosure, May 2016, car sales of 2 million 64 thousand and 900 cars and 2 million 91 thousand and 700 vehicles, an increase of 5.01% and 9.75%; passenger car sales of 1 million 772 thousand and 100 cars and 1 million 793 thousand vehicles, an increase of 5.53% and 11.27%; commercial vehicle sales of 292 thousand and 800 vehicles and 298 thousand and 600, year-on-year growth of 1.98% and 1.40%. The market of automobile industry has not reached saturation yet, and the expansion of automobile industry will bring further growth of auto parts industry.

The global response to energy problems and environmental problems drive the improvement of automobile fuel economy. The parts of the automotive engine system need to be upgraded and become more energy efficient. About the consumption of primary energy consumption 28% transportation energy, fossil energy transportation energy consumption accounted for 94%; in order to cope with the global petrochemical energy shortage and environmental problems bring challenges, countries have enacted to improve the fuel economy of the Department of transportation planning. The future of electric and other clean energy automotive engine market has great potential for development.

4. industry technology environment analysis

Under the vehicle performance, fuel economy and safety performance requirements to promote traditional technology of auto parts forming has been quite mature, but in today's world auto parts development trend has some new trends toward a more lightweight environmental protection and energy saving point on, such as aluminum trend of automobile structure. The United States, Europe and Japan are increasingly concerned about the lightweight effects of automotive aluminum, which in turn has led to a more energy-efficient approach and other improvements in automotive components. The structural design, optimization and molding process are major bottlenecks in the process of aluminizing, and the future remains to be broken through. In China, the popularization of the traditional aluminum castings in the short run will be the main direction of the domestic aluminum, while the molding parts will be the medium and long term development trend.

The R & D investment in China's automobile industry is increasing year by year, which promotes the improvement of technical level. The following table shows the investment in R & D of China's automotive industry for 2005-2012 years, and R & D investment has increased year by year, which has effectively promoted the continuous progress of China's automotive technology. In the vehicle aspect, the energy conservation and the new energy automobile and the Chinese brand automobile have obtained the considerable progress; the spare part aspect, advanced engine, AT, AMT, CVT, DCT and so on domain independent research and development ability strengthens gradually.

The popularization and application of Internet technology has a profound impact on many traditional industries, especially after the State Council put forward the concept of "Internet plus". In the field of auto parts, "Internet plus parts" is also hot. Auto parts enterprises are committed to the Internet electricity supplier channels and traditional channels integration.

Four, the recent development of China's auto parts industry

1. overall market conditions

According to the Statistics Bureau of the National Bureau of statistics, in recent years, China's auto parts market turnover rose more slowly, and in 2014 there were even slight downward trend, while the auto market turnover was also rising, not obvious. The two are affected by the overall slowdown in our economy.

2. business profitability analysis

2015, the domestic auto industry market downturn. The vehicle sales growth continued to slow down, the downward pressure, the decline in performance; and China's auto parts industry, auto parts enterprises in operating income growth is slow, can still keep the sales rise, performance increased steadily, slightly better than the whole enterprise. However, in recent years, the auto parts industry continued to decline in the net interest rate risk must be paid attention to.

3. export situation

Compared to 2009 to 2011, since 2012, the global economy into a low growth rate, which also led to China's auto parts exports in 2012 after the growth rate decreased significantly. In 2012, China's auto parts exports amounted to $55 billion 322 million, an increase of 5.99%; in 2013 China's auto parts exports amounted to $59 billion 821 million, an increase of 8.13%; in 2014 China's auto parts exports amounted to $64 billion 617 million, an increase of 8.02%; in 2015 by the global economic downturn, the number of auto parts exports declined, in 2015 China's auto parts the export amount of $61 billion 900 million, down 0.4%.

According to the Ministry of Commerce and other departments issued at the end of 2009 "on promoting the sustained and healthy development of China's automobile products export", by 2015 China's auto parts export scale and an average annual growth rate of about 20%; by 2020 China's auto parts export accounted for the strategic goal of world total trade in automotive products 10%. Therefore, in the long run, China's automobile and spare parts for export there is still a lot of room for growth.

Five, the global automotive and parts industry trends

A. industry transfer continues to accelerate

At present, Chinese, India and other emerging car market has become the world's largest market capacity, the most growth of the automobile market, at the same time, abundant labor resources and low labor costs in these countries, continuous improvement of labor quality. Along with the international auto industry competition is becoming increasingly fierce, in order to open up new markets, reduce the cost of production, automobile and parts enterprises began to accelerate the China, India, Southeast Asia and other countries and areas of industrial transfer.

B. auto parts purchasing Globalization

Under the background of global economic integration, facing the increasingly fierce competition in the market environment, the world's major auto companies and parts suppliers to focus on their core business and business at the same time, to further reduce the rate of homemade auto parts, instead of using the global sourcing strategy, worldwide procurement has comparative advantages of auto parts products.

Auto parts, global sourcing will become the trend, but in the future, China will still be dominated by exports and internationalization. At present, the international buyers to purchase China is rational and practical, through the selection and cultivation of potential suppliers to increase their own core; logistics integration; strengthen the factory in the domestic and foreign communication to improve the latter initiative for export; decentralized procurement destinations, compared to the purchase decision to promote Chinese location process and other new ways emerging markets. According to analysis, although international buyers increasingly cautious about China's procurement, but in the next ten years, exports and internationalization will continue to be the main theme of China's local parts manufacturers.

C. systematic development, modular manufacturing, integrated supply

The integrated and modular auto parts of the system through the design and process of new functions, will be used by a number of components are implemented, integrated in a module, technical means to achieve a single module instead of multiple components.

Auto parts system integration and modularization has many advantages, first of all, compared with the individual components, integrated, modular components are lighter, a lightweight for the whole machine, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving; secondly, less space for integrated, modular components, to optimize the spatial layout thus, improve the performance of the whole; thirdly, compared with the individual components, integrated, modular components to reduce the installation process, improve the efficiency of assembly. The integration and modularization of auto parts system has become an important trend in the auto parts industry, especially in the passenger car parts industry.

In the product development, vehicle enterprises use platform strategy, systematic development, modular manufacturing, integrated supply gradually become the development trend of auto parts industry. At the same time, the development of auto parts industry cluster is becoming more and more obvious.

D. development of new technologies for auto parts

The development of new technology of auto parts show the following main trends: the development of the depth of deepening; the degree of component commonality and standardization to improve parts; raise the level of electronic and intelligent; lightweight vehicle and parts become the future development trend; clean technology as the future industry competition.

Among them, the most prominent is the application of new energy saving and environmental protection technologies. As the whole society pays more and more attention to environmental problems, energy saving and environmental protection technology will become the future technology trend of automobile and parts industry. The development of new energy vehicles is accelerating to fuel cell vehicles, hybrid vehicles as the representative of the lightweight design of automotive parts, electronics and intelligent design as well as the automotive parts remanufacturing technology is gradually applied. According to relevant statistics, in 2015 the total production of new energy vehicles 379 thousand, an increase of 4 times. Energy saving and environmental protection new technology will become the commanding point of competition of auto parts industry in the future.

2. new trends of domestic auto parts industry

A. production and marketing channels and patterns update

At present, the domestic automobile manufacturers in China for the vast majority of accessories has its fixed auto parts suppliers, buyers is the largest auto dealers, the proportion of more than 80%, is the main channel of auto parts sales. And our country auto parts dealers are more concentrated in the Auto Parts City, according to statistics, auto repair parts used by 60% from the auto parts city.

In recent years, the auto parts industry to expand the channels, began to test the water and electricity providers, from the traditional car portal to each car vertical sites, from B2B's Alibaba, Jingdong, Tmall HC until B2C, to provide customers from the website and so on self diversion sites to professional services.

At present, the domestic car market can be broadly divided into four types of electricity supplier model: Mall class electricity supplier, C2B, user class, B2C+O2O mode, and B2B2C+O2O mode. Among them, the first two types of electricity supplier model requires consumers to have the appropriate vehicle or maintenance knowledge. Auto parts are different from other commodities. Errors in parts, models, or corresponding information will lead to deviations. Electricity providers in the intermediary (parts B2C), transparency costs (accessories and service costs transparent) and improve user experience and other aspects play a big role, and can create a car owner, parts factory, maintenance station three win-win situation.

B. auto parts industry supply chain data cloud integration

Case: auto parts industry SaaS platform "auto parts cloud""

The founder of the platform that should be first with a set of Internet cloud ERP system to replace the original ERP accessories aftermarket business system, then every one of the business data integration, data linkage, the upstream and downstream supply chain can be shared between the parties so as to reduce inventory, inventory pressure. The future of auto parts enterprises through data decision, the decision accuracy increased by an order of magnitude, such as an accessories distributor, it can see their coverage of the business scope, which can accommodate brand vehicles; vehicle factory in the production of a car, can know where to find the vehicle accessories, where there are sell the corresponding parts of the dealers, there is no inventory, how the price, in which repair parts factory can repair the car.

Platform and the supply chain partners, in the cloud supply chain platform introduced cloud storage, cloud distribution, cloud aftermarket products. Platform system can help manufacturers to establish channel data system, change the channel management difficult problem; at the same time, manufacturers can also directly through the platform of products and services to the C end users, thereby achieving terminal penetration.

For dealers, the platform can solve the problem of inventory sharing between upstream and downstream; in addition, the platform can also help dealers establish online distribution channels, so as to diversify channels and improve dealer transaction efficiency.

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